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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a serious and progressive hereditary muscle disease. The DMD gene mutation on the X chromosome causes the loss of dystrophin, causing progressive muscle weakness and muscular atrophy. Most patients die for heart and lung failure. Current gene therapy methods are mainly aimed at restoring the expression of dystrophin, including read-through therapy, exon skipping therapy, vector-mediated gene replacement therapy and gene editing therapy. This article reviews the mechanisms of these different treatments and important advances in clinical research, and analyzes the challenges and application prospects of these treatments.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and collateral circulation in patients with acute cerebral infarction (AIS) after thrombolytic therapy.@*METHODS@#This retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted among 65 patients with AIS receiving thrombolytic therapy, who were divided according to findings by computed tomographic angiography (CTA) into good collateral circulation (group A, = 34) and poor collateral circulation (group B, = 31). Serum samples were collected from all the patients and the levels of TLR4 were measured with ELISA.@*RESULTS@#The patients in group A had significantly better outcomes than those in group B. The NIHSS scores at 24 h and 30 days after thrombolytic therapy, mRS scores at 90 days and serum TLR4 levels were significantly lower in group A than in group B ( < 0.05); the percentages of patients with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were comparable between the two groups. The serum levels of TLR4 were negatively correlated with the rMLC score ( < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a high level of TLR4 was associated with a poor collateral circulation after thrombolysis.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Good collateral circulation can increase the benefit of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with ACI, and the level of TLR4 is a predictive factor for the compensation of collateral circulation following ACI.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers , Brain Ischemia , Cerebral Infarction , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Cohort Studies , Collateral Circulation , Fibrinolytic Agents , Retrospective Studies , Stroke , Metabolism , Therapeutics , Thrombolytic Therapy , Toll-Like Receptor 4 , Metabolism , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship among the late-life depression ( LLD ) , cognitive function and white matter lesions ( WML) , after excluding vascular risk factors and brain atrophy.Methods The depression and cognition status of 277 patients were assessed using a variety of neurological scales, and the actually enrolled patients were divided into LLD group ( 77 cases ) and the non-depressed group (103 cases).The independent samples t test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze independent risk factors for depressive symptoms with the model Ⅰ of controlling age , sex, years of education and the model Ⅱof controlling age, sex, years of education, high blood pressure, diabetes and coronary heart disease.Under the premise of controlling mode Ⅱand brain atrophy , partial correlation was used to analyze the correlations of depressive symptoms and cognitive function and WML , and the correlation between depressive symptoms and cognitive items.Results The results showed that the proportion of high blood pressure (90.9%vs 74.7%, χ2 =6.342,P=0.046), cognitive scores (19.23 ±7.05 vs 22.99 ± 6.71, t=3.343,P=0.001), WML level 2 proportion (65.1% vs 34.9%, χ2 =7.373,P=0.025) and temporal lobe atrophy of hippocampal sulcus ratio (0.24 ±0.03 vs 0.22 ±0.03, t=-2.041,P=0.044) had statistically significant difference between the two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression showed that cognitive function was an independent risk factor for depression ( OR=1.63,95% CI 1.01 -2.80, P=0.030).Controlling for all risk factors , partial correlation analysis showed that depressive symptoms were correlated with cognitive function ( r=-0.239,P=0.004) and WML ( r=0.222,P=0.008) and the atrophy of temporal lobe and hippocampus ( r=0.173, P=0.040 ).Under the model Ⅱ, depressive symptoms correlated with attention (r=-0.175, P=0.040), memories (r=-0.140, P=0.050) and drawing clock test ( r=-0.186, P=0.029 ).Conclusions Excluding vascular risk factorts , brain atrophy and WML , cognitive impairment has significant correlation with depressive symptoms.Vascular risk factors are involved in the occurrence of depression , and WML may be the severity of cognitive impairment reserve marker.LLD patients showed hippocampal atrophy similar with early AD , manifesting the cognitive feature of memory and executive dysfunction and attention disorder .
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OBJECTIVE To study the effect of K252a on the chemotactic growth of Schwann Cell to salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell in vitro co-culture METHODS Co-culture of sciatic nerve blocked by K252a with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell was regarded as experimental group. Co-culture of sciatic nerve with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell was chosen as control group RESULTS In contrast to control group , the promotion growth and chemotactic growth of Schwann cell was blocked by K252a (P